瓦氏黄颡鱼生长激素基因克隆及其组织特异性表达分析

生长激素(growth hormone,GH)对脊椎动物的生长发育及代谢具有重要作用。采用RT-PCR和RACE技术,克隆了瓦氏黄颡鱼垂体GH cDNA全长序列,应用real-time qPCR法对不同组织中GH mRNA的表达进行检测。序列分析表明,GH cDNA(GenBank登录号:GU395549)序列全长1 203 bp,其5’端非编码区77 bp、3’端非编码区523 bp,开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)603 bp,由此推导GH前体蛋白由200个氨基酸组成。同源性比较结果表明,瓦氏黄颡鱼与同目鱼类的GH编码序列同源性较高,与哺乳类和鸟类的同源性较低。Real-time qPCR结果显示,GH mRNA在垂体中的表达量最高,其次是脑、肌肉、肝脏、脂肪组织、胃、脾脏、卵巢或精巢,而在肾脏、心脏、鳃和肠中没有明显的表达。实验结果表明,GH基因在瓦氏黄颡鱼组织中广泛表达,提示GH可能以旁分泌或自分泌的方式对其生长和繁殖发挥重要作用。     

幼苗期油菜几何造型研究(英文)

[目的]研究幼苗期油菜的几何造型。[方法]通过对幼苗期油菜的形态结构和生长过程的观测分析,提出了基于形态结构特征参数的幼苗期油菜三维形态数学模型及其可视化方法。根据油菜各器官的形态结构特征提取了不同的控制参数,并利用3次B啨zier曲面生成大小各异的油菜叶片与叶柄模型,同时采用上下底面积不同的圆柱体作为主茎模型,最后通过旋转、缩放、拼接等操作实现了幼苗期整株油菜的三维重建。[结果]该方法具有一定的可控性,简单方便,可快速构建幼苗期油菜几何模型。[结论]为油菜形态模型研究提供了参考。     

枣疯病植原体的分子检测与同源性鉴定

[目的]采用植原体16S通用引物建立枣疯病植原体PCR检测体系.[方法]采用植原体16S rDNA通用引物R16mF1/R16mR1,对陕西和山西具有枣疯病的枣树植株总DNA进行PCR扩增,获得了相关的枣疯病植原体序列.采用DNAMAN软件分析其同源性,绘制系统进化树.运用pDRAW32软件对17种具有16S rDNA分组的典型的限制性内切酶进行计算机模拟RFLP,确定枣疯病植原体同源性关系.[结果]从陕西和山西的枣疯病的植株中,分别得到1 433 bp和1 432 bp的条带,与已报道的枣疯病植原体比较,同源性达到99;以上,而与其他植物的植原体16S rDNA同源性多低于93;,并且与16S rDNA V-B组的遗传距离最近.pDRAW32软件模拟RFLP结果表明它们和已报道的JWB的RFLP图谱相似.[结论]枣疯病植原体归属于16SrDNA V-B,为枣疯病植原体PCR检测体系提供了理论基础.RFLP分析进一步验证了枣疯病植原体属于16SrDNA V-B,具有随地域变异性较小的特性,这将有利于不同地区枣疯病检测技术的建立.     

DYNAMIC CONTRAST‐ENHANCED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF CANINE BRAIN TUMORS

We evaluated dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) in canine brain tumors. Magnetic resonance data sets were collected on seven canine intracranial tumors with a 3 T magnet using a T1‐weighted fast spin echo fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequence after an IV bolus injection (0.2 mmol/kg) of Gd‐DTPA. The tumors were confirmed histopathologically as adenocarcinoma (n=1), ependymoma (n=1), meningioma (n=3), oligodendroglioma (n=1), and pituitary macroadenoma (n=1) The data were analyzed using a two‐compartment pharmacokinetic model for estimation of three enhancement parameters, E_R (rate of enhancement), K_el (rate of elimination), and K_ep (rate constant), and a model‐free phenomenologic parameter initial area under the Gd concentration curve (IAUGC) defined over the first 90 s postenhancement. Pearson's correlations were calculated between parameters of the two methods. The IAUGC has a relatively strong association with the rate of enhancement E_R, with r ranges from 0.4 to 0.9, but it was weakly associated with K_ep and K_el. To determine whether any two tumors differed significantly, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used. The results showed that there were statistical differences (P<0.05) between distributions of the enhancement pattern of each tumor. These kinetic parameters may characterize the perfusion and vascular permeability of the tumors and the IAUGC may reflect blood flow, vascular permeability, and the fraction of interstitial space. The kinetic parameters and the IAUGC derived from DCE‐MRI present complementary information and they may be appropriate to noninvasively differentiate canine brain tumors although a larger prospective study is necessary.     

小白杏杏核开口压力的线性回归建模及验证

[目的]建立关于小白杏杏核开口压力合理、有效的线性回归模型,确定开口的应力范围,为杏核开口的自动化机械加工提供优化参数、方法和途径.[方法]应用万能材料测试仪测定小白杏开口应力,利用SPSS软件的多元线性回归分析方法,建立初步的线性回归模型并验证分析模型的输出结果.通过计算参考值范围并进行基本参数估计,确定开口的应力范围.[结果]初步回归方程为Y＝412.917-9.185 X1+25.486 X2+17.591 X3+9.211 X4.经计算,开口压力预测值的双侧95;界限为397.106 1～511.013 9,平均数95;的置信区间为440.460 4～467.659 6.这与实测值的双侧95;界限:394.370 6～513.749 4,平均数95;的置信区间:439.807 2～468.312 8基本一致.[结论]理论上可以通过应用建立线性回归模型的方法为自动化机械加工提供优化参数,实现杏核开口的自动化机械加工,并且可以为其它品种的杏核开口应用自动化机械加工提供解决方法和途径.     

Dynamic characteristics of CVT hydraulic system in speed ratio changing

Aiming at the hydraulic system of CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission), the transfer function of hydraulic system of CVT and the dynamic simulation model of this system based on AMESIM are built, and the characteristics of speed ratio response is simulated and calculated. The influences of spring constant, damping coefficient and mass of moving part on rising time, setting time and overshoot are analyzed. The result shows that the dynamic simulation model of this system is reasonable and will provide a basis and method for the optimization of CVT hydraulic system’s dynamic characteristics in the future.     

Changes in root growth and relationships between plant organs and root hydraulic traits in American elm (Ulmus americana L.) and red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings due to elevated CO2 level

The relationships between plant organs and root hydrological traits are not well known and the question arises whether elevated CO2 changes these relationships. This study attempted to answer this question. A pseudo-replicated experiment was conducted with two times 24 American elm (Ulmus americana L.) and 23 and 24 red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings growing in ambient CO2 (around 360 μmol·L–1) and 540 ± 7.95 μmol·L–1 CO₂ in a greenhouse. After 71 days of treatment for American elm and 77 days for red oak, 14 American elm and 12 red oak seedlings from each of the two CO2 levels were randomly selected in order to examine the flow rate of root xylem sap, root hydraulic conductance, total root hydraulic conductivity, fine root and coarse root hydraulic conductivity. All seedlings were harvested to investigate total plant biomass, stem biomass and leaf biomass, leaf area, height, basal diameter, total root biomass, coarse root biomass and fine root biomass. The following conclusions are reached: 1) plant organs respond to the elevated CO2 level earlier than hydraulic traits of roots and may gradually lead to changes in hydraulic traits; 2) plant organs have different relationships with hydraulic traits of roots and elevated CO2 changes these relationships; the changes may be of importance for plants as means to acclimatize to changing environments; 3) biomass of coarse roots increased rather more than that of fine roots; 4) Lorentzian and Caussian models are better in estimating the biomass of seedlings than single-variable models.     

Wildfire risk in the wildland–urban interface: A simulation study in northwestern Wisconsin

The rapid growth of housing in and near the wildland–urban interface (WUI) increases wildfire risk to lives and structures. To reduce fire risk, it is necessary to identify WUI housing areas that are more susceptible to wildfire. This is challenging, because wildfire patterns depend on fire behavior and spread, which in turn depend on ignition locations, weather conditions, the spatial arrangement of fuels, and topography. The goal of our study was to assess wildfire risk to a 60,000 ha WUI area in northwestern Wisconsin while accounting for all of these factors. We conducted 6000 simulations with two dynamic fire models: Fire Area Simulator (FARSITE) and Minimum Travel Time (MTT) in order to map the spatial pattern of burn probabilities. Simulations were run under normal and extreme weather conditions to assess the effect of weather on fire spread, burn probability, and risk to structures. The resulting burn probability maps were intersected with maps of structure locations and land cover types. The simulations revealed clear hotspots of wildfire activity and a large range of wildfire risk to structures in the study area. As expected, the extreme weather conditions yielded higher burn probabilities over the entire landscape, as well as to different land cover classes and individual structures. Moreover, the spatial pattern of risk was significantly different between extreme and normal weather conditions. The results highlight the fact that extreme weather conditions not only produce higher fire risk than normal weather conditions, but also change the fine-scale locations of high risk areas in the landscape, which is of great importance for fire management in WUI areas. In addition, the choice of weather data may limit the potential for comparisons of risk maps for different areas and for extrapolating risk maps to future scenarios where weather conditions are unknown. Our approach to modeling wildfire risk to structures can aid fire risk reduction management activities by identifying areas with elevated wildfire risk and those most vulnerable under extreme weather conditions.     

正负刚度并联弹簧汽车座椅悬架设计与仿真

介绍正负刚度并联相消原理,通过分析可知应用该原理可以有效降低系统的固有频率,减小隔振传递率。基于该原理选用连杆弹簧负刚度机构与正刚度弹簧并联,设计新型汽车座椅隔振系统,给出该隔振系统的结构参数和性能参数,得到符合座椅要求的固有频率。用ADAMS建立座椅悬架以及人体-座椅五自由度的虚拟样机模型,采用正弦激励模拟汽车驾驶室地板的输入激励进行仿真,在同样的激励条件下,对未加负刚度的座椅隔振系统进行同样的仿真,分别得到人体头部、躯干上部、躯干下部、臀部和座椅振动的加速度谱。结果表明,与未施加负刚度的普通座椅隔振系统相比,人体加速度明显减小,舒适度得到有效改善。     

利用三维激光扫描系统测量立木材积的方法

介绍三维激光扫描系统的组成及工作原理,并采用该方法对立木进行扫描,测量立木材积。与伐倒木实测数据进行对比,可以看出扫描数据完全能满足林业测量的精度要求,其扫描获得的立木材积数据完全可以替代传统方法测算的立木材积数据,使用立木模型建立材积表不再需要实地大量伐木,节省大量人力、物力及财力。应用三维激光扫描技术进行立木材积测定能较好的避免传统测定方法的不足,在未来的林业数字化测量中有广阔的应用前景。